Coding practice
Coding the Frame: A Guide to Region-Based Coding in Images and Video
How to select meaningful visual regions without treating an entire image or video frame as one undifferentiated piece of evidence.
Byleron Insights
Ideas, evidence and perspectives shaping research.
All articles
Research design
Building a Codebook That Survives Contact with Real Data
How to build a flexible codebook with definitions and decision rules that can develop without becoming inconsistent.
Coding practice
From PDF to Insight: Coding Scanned and Structured Documents Without Losing Context
How to decide between text selection and visual-region coding in PDFs, including OCR checks and context-preserving practices.
Rigor and trustworthiness
Intercoder Agreement in Qualitative Research: When It Fits—and When It Does Not
A method-sensitive guide to independent coding, agreement statistics, consensus work, and reflexive qualitative approaches.
Research design
What Makes Qualitative Data “Codable”? A Practical Framework Before You Start
A practical way to decide whether material is ready for qualitative coding, and what to do before creating a codebook.
Analysis and reporting
REFI-QDA and Interoperability: Why Your Coding Should Be Portable
Why a portable project archive matters, what a .qdpx exchange can carry, and why compatibility reports should be read carefully.
AI and ethics
Using AI to Draft, Not Decide: A Responsible Workflow for AI-Assisted QDA
A researcher-controlled workflow for using AI to organise, suggest, and draft without outsourcing analytical responsibility.
Analysis and reporting
Negative Case Analysis: What Disconfirming Evidence Does for Your Credibility
Why contradictory, unusual, and ambiguous cases deserve analytical attention instead of being treated as inconvenient exceptions.
Research design
Sampling in Qualitative Research: Purposive, Theoretical, and Maximum Variation Sampling Explained
A practical guide to matching qualitative sampling decisions to the question, case context, and claims a study can support.
Research design
How Many Interviews Are Enough? Saturation in Practice
How to use saturation carefully without turning it into a universal number or a substitute for methodological judgement.